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Bethenny Frankel Age 2026: How Old Is Bethenny Frankel?

By Celebamerica Editorial Staff 20 min read
Bethenny Frankel Age 2026: How Old Is Bethenny Frankel?

Last updated: November 9, 2026  ·  By Celebamerica Editorial Staff

Bethenny Frankel is 56 years old as of November 2026. She was born on November 4, 1970, in Queens, New York City, which means she celebrated her 56th birthday just five days before this article was updated. If you landed here because a search result still says 54 or 55, that page is out of date: Frankel turned 55 in November 2025, spent most of 2026 as a 55-year-old — including her debut as a Sports Illustrated Swimsuit rookie — and crossed into 56 on November 4, 2026.

The age question follows Frankel around for a reason. She spent 2026 doing things the public rarely associates with a woman in her mid-50s: posing for her first Sports Illustrated Swimsuit spread at 55, walking the brand’s runway for a second straight year, opening a cafe, and taking a chief brand officer job at a hair-care company. She has also talked openly about aging in interviews, telling NewBeauty in 2026 that she never really thought about her age until the swimsuit runway made it a talking point — and that strangers telling her to “act her age” only made her lean into the moment harder. This page gives you the exact number, the math behind it, and the full story of what she has done at every age along the way.

Bethenny Frankel, illustrated portrait in navy and gold editorial style
Bethenny Frankel turned 56 on November 4, 2026 — weeks after opening her Supermodel Café and months after her Sports Illustrated Swimsuit rookie debut.

Bethenny Frankel Quick Facts

Full Name Bethenny Frankel
Date of Birth November 4, 1970
Age (as of November 9, 2026) 56 years old
Birthplace Queens, New York City, New York, USA
Zodiac Sign Scorpio
Height Commonly listed at 5 feet 6 inches (168 cm)
Occupation Television personality, entrepreneur, author, philanthropist, social media creator
Best Known For The Real Housewives of New York City; founder of Skinnygirl
Estimated Net Worth (2026) $80 million, per Celebrity Net Worth and multiple 2026 outlets
Primary Income Sources Skinnygirl sale and licensing, television, brand deals, investments, social media
Key Ventures Skinnygirl, BStrong, dpHUE (Chief Brand Officer, 2026), Supermodel Café, The Core
Children One daughter, Bryn Hoppy (born May 8, 2010)
Current Base New York City / Miami, with a home in the Hamptons area

How Old Is Bethenny Frankel?

Bethenny Frankel is 56 years old. She was born on November 4, 1970, so the math is simple: 2026 minus 1970 is 56, and her birthday has already passed this year. She turned 56 on Tuesday, November 4, 2026.

That is why so many pages on the internet get her age wrong. A page written in early 2025 correctly said 54. A page written in the spring of 2026 correctly said 55 — Sports Illustrated itself called her “the 55-year-old mom of one” when it announced her as a 2026 Swimsuit rookie in March 2026. Those numbers were right when they were written and wrong now. Any page that still lists her as 54 or 55 has not been updated since her November 2026 birthday.

Here is the age she was at the moments people search for most:

  • When RHONY premiered (March 2008): 37 years old
  • When she sold Skinnygirl Cocktails (2011): 40, turning 41 that November
  • When she left RHONY for the final time (August 2019): 48 years old
  • When she walked the SI Swimsuit runway (2025): 54 years old
  • When her SI Swimsuit rookie issue came out (May 2026): 55 years old
  • When she opened Supermodel Café (August 2026): 55 years old
  • Today (November 9, 2026): 56 years old

Frankel herself has joked about the confusion. In her 2026 NewBeauty interview she said she did not think about age at all until the swimsuit runway put it front and center: “I never knew I was old until people freaked out about me on that runway at this age.” The reaction, she said, was the first time she had ever given her own age a second thought.

Bethenny Frankel’s Birthday, Birthplace and Zodiac Sign

Bethenny Frankel’s birthday is November 4, 1970. She was born in Queens, New York City, and grew up around the New York racing world — her father, Robert J. Frankel, was a well-known thoroughbred horse trainer. Her star sign is Scorpio, for anyone keeping track of the astrology pages that rank alongside the age pages in search.

The birth date is one of the few facts about Frankel that no source disputes. Wikipedia, TV Insider, Television Stats and National Today all list November 4, 1970, and the date lines up with every dated milestone in her life: she was 34 when she appeared on The Apprentice: Martha Stewart in 2005, 37 when RHONY started in 2008, and 40 when her daughter Bryn was born in May 2010. The only number that ever varies in search results is her current age, and that is purely a function of how recently the page was updated.

Her birthday falls in the same week as two other dates her fans watch: her daughter Bryn’s birthday is May 8, and Frankel has marked her own November birthdays publicly in past years with posts about gratitude and the year ahead. In 2026 the birthday landed days after her Supermodel Café pop-up wrapped its first season and in the middle of her first months as a corporate chief brand officer — a very different 56th birthday from the one she spent at 40, newly married and newly a mother, or at 48, walking away from the show that made her famous.

Early Life: Growing Up in New York

Frankel is the only child of Robert J. Frankel and Bernadette (Verderosa) Birk. Her father trained racehorses; her mother worked as an interior designer and college professor. Her parents divorced when she was four years old, and Frankel has spoken over the years about a childhood that moved between households and felt unstable — a theme that shows up again and again in her books and interviews, where she connects her drive to build her own money and her own home to the feeling of not having a steady one as a child.

She went to school in Florida at Pine Crest School, then studied at Boston University, graduating in 1992 at the age of 21. New York pulled her back after college. The years before fame were a patchwork of jobs that now read like a checklist of hustle: she worked as a nanny — including a stint looking after Paris Hilton — did event production, worked as a personal assistant, and tried her hand at catering and party planning. She also trained as a chef, studying at the Natural Gourmet Institute in New York, and she has said the cooking and nutrition knowledge from that period fed directly into Skinnygirl years later.

Nothing about that stretch was glamorous, and Frankel has never pretended otherwise. She has described herself in interviews as someone who was broke, borrowing, and figuring it out through her 20s and early 30s. The point matters for an age article because it frames what came next: she was not a young star. She was 34 when television first noticed her, and 37 when RHONY premiered. The fortune, the brand, and the fame all arrived in her late 30s and early 40s — late by entertainment standards, and the reason her story gets told as a second-act story rather than a child-star story.

Bethenny Frankel’s Age-by-Age Timeline

The fastest way to see how Frankel’s age maps to her career is to walk it year by year. This is also the part of her story where the stale age pages online do the most damage: they freeze her at the age she was when a single event happened and never update the clock.

Age Year What Happened
0 1970 Born November 4 in Queens, New York City
4 1974–75 Parents divorce
21 1992 Graduates from Boston University
25 1996 Marries Peter Sussman; the marriage ends within a year
34 2005 Competes on The Apprentice: Martha Stewart, finishes as runner-up
37 2008 Joins the original cast of The Real Housewives of New York City
38 2009 Launches Skinnygirl Cocktails; publishes Naturally Thin
39 2010 Daughter Bryn Hoppy is born (May 8); marries Jason Hoppy; spinoff Bethenny Getting Married airs
40 2011 Sells the Skinnygirl cocktail line to Beam Global; Forbes lists her 2011 earnings at $55 million
44 2015 Returns to RHONY for season 7 after a three-season break
46 2017 Founds BStrong, her disaster-relief charity
48 2019 Leaves RHONY for the final time; takes an equity stake in Cameo
50 2021 Divorce from Jason Hoppy is finalized; Cameo stake pays out after the platform’s $1 billion valuation
52 2023 Goes public with her $7,250 first-season RHONY salary and the “Bethenny clause” story
54 2025 Walks the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit runway at Miami Swim Week
55 2026 SI Swimsuit rookie (issue out May 2026); joins dpHUE as Chief Brand Officer; opens Supermodel Café; NewBeauty cover star
56 2026 Turns 56 on November 4, 2026

Two things stand out in that table. First, the gap between 34 and 37: three years of near-invisibility between a reality competition show and the franchise that changed her life. Second, how much of the money story sits in a narrow window — the Skinnygirl sale at 40, the licensing that followed, and the investments of her late 40s and early 50s. She did not get rich young. She got rich at the age when most television careers are winding down, and she has spent her 50s turning that one deal into a portfolio.

The RHONY Years: From 37 to 48

Frankel joined The Real Housewives of New York City as an original cast member when the show premiered in March 2008. She was 37, the youngest of the original cast, and the least established: no famous husband, no inherited money, no Park Avenue address. What she had was a catering business, a sharp tongue, and a habit of talking about money on camera in a way the other women did not.

Her first-season pay has become one of the most repeated numbers in reality television. Frankel has said publicly — on the Tamron Hall Show in 2021 and again in social media posts in 2023 — that her season one contract paid $7,250 for the entire season. She did not fight the number. What she did fight was a clause that would have given Bravo a cut of anything she made outside the show. She crossed it out. That single edit, now known in the industry as the “Bethenny clause,” is the reason she kept all of Skinnygirl when the brand took off on the back of the show’s audience. Other reality stars who signed the standard deal watched the network take a share of their businesses. Frankel did not.

By her later seasons, her pay had climbed to a reported $40,000 per episode, according to Celebrity Net Worth, making her one of the highest-paid Housewives in the franchise. She left the show in 2010 after three seasons, returned in 2015 for season 7 at age 44, and stayed through season 11 before leaving for good in August 2019, at 48. Her stated reasons included contract changes and a simple calculation that she no longer needed the platform. She had spent eight seasons on the show in total, across two stints, and by the end she was worth far more than the show could pay her.

The spinoffs filled the gap between stints: Bethenny Getting Married in 2010, then Bethenny Ever After, which followed her wedding, her daughter’s birth, and the Skinnygirl sale. Those shows matter to the age question because they are how a large part of the audience met her — as a 39- and 40-year-old new mother building a business on camera, not as the 37-year-old single woman of season one.

Skinnygirl, the Sale, and the Money at 56

Any honest answer to “how old is Bethenny Frankel” eventually turns into a money question, because her age and her fortune are tied together by a single deal. Frankel launched Skinnygirl Cocktails in 2009, at 38, with a low-calorie margarita she had developed in her own kitchen. The brand took off on RHONY, and in 2011 Beam Global — now part of Beam Suntory — bought the cocktail line. She was 40.

The sale price is the most misreported number in her story, and it is worth getting right here because it shapes the net worth figure. Early reports put the deal at $120 million. Later reporting revised it to about $100 million. But Beam’s own SEC filings tell a narrower story: roughly $39 million in upfront acquisition cash, with up to $25 million more in performance incentives — a verified range of about $39 million to $64 million, as Forbes and several 2026 profiles have laid out. The $100 million figure is the one most often quoted, and it is best treated as the headline number rather than the confirmed total. What is not in dispute is the part of the deal that made her rich over time: she kept the Skinnygirl name for everything except alcohol, and the licensing income from the food and lifestyle products that followed has paid her for more than a decade.

Her net worth at 56 is estimated at $80 million, according to Celebrity Net Worth, with Social Life Magazine and a run of 2026 profiles landing on the same figure. The estimate sits on the Skinnygirl sale and licensing, her Bravo pay, her books, her real estate, and later investments — including an early equity stake in Cameo, taken in 2019, which she sold after the platform reached a $1 billion valuation in 2021 for what she has described as a seven-figure payout. For the full breakdown of that fortune — the sale, the licensing, the TV pay and the property deals — our sister site has the numbers laid out in Bethenny Frankel’s net worth story, which puts the 2026 estimate at $80 million and walks through the Skinnygirl transaction in detail.

Illustration of a low-calorie cocktail bottle and glass on a marble bar, navy and gold style
The Skinnygirl cocktail line, sold to Beam Global in 2011 when Frankel was 40, remains the foundation of her fortune at 56.

What the $80 million figure hides is how unevenly it arrived. In 2011, the year of the sale, Forbes listed her earnings at $55 million — a single-year spike driven by the deal. The years since have been steadier: licensing, books, television hosting, podcast work, and in 2026, a corporate salary and equity as dpHUE’s chief brand officer. She has also said she invests her own money and takes stakes in companies she uses, rather than taking endorsement cheques for products she does not believe in — a stance that became the core of her social media presence in her 50s, where her “de-influencing” videos telling followers what not to buy draw millions of views.

The age-money connection: Frankel was 37 when RHONY started, 40 when she sold Skinnygirl, and 48 when she walked away from Bravo. The fortune was built between 37 and 48 — and the decade since has been about keeping it, growing it through licensing and investments, and spending her 50s on her own terms.

Sports Illustrated Swimsuit at 55

The freshest chapter of Frankel’s age story is the one from 2025 and 2026, and it is the reason searches for her age spiked. In 2025, at 54, she walked the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit runway during Miami Swim Week at the W South Beach, wearing a string bikini and drawing more attention than almost anyone else on the runway. The walk was her debut with the brand, and the reaction — a mix of praise and “act your age” criticism — set up everything that followed.

In March 2026, at 55, Sports Illustrated announced her as a 2026 SI Swimsuit rookie, one of nine women photographed for the issue in Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico, by photographer James Macari. Her first official image from the print issue dropped the same week, and the full gallery arrived when the issue hit newsstands in May 2026. She was 55 for all of it — the shoot, the announcement, the launch party at the Hard Rock Hotel Times Square on May 14, 2026 — and she has said the experience meant more to other women her age than she expected. In June 2026 she told Us Weekly she had not realised how much the moment would matter to women watching her do it at 55.

She walked the runway a second time in July 2026, again at 55, and the response was the same mix: admiration from women who saw themselves in her, and a small but loud group of critics telling her to cover up. Her answer, posted over footage from the shoot, was short: “to the haters, this is called acting your age with confidence.” The line became the defining quote of her 55th year, and it is the reason her age is now a story about confidence rather than a number on a bio page.

Illustration of a model walking a swimsuit runway under golden spotlights, navy and gold style
Frankel walked the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit runway at 54 in 2025 and returned as a 55-year-old rookie for the 2026 issue.

The swimsuit chapter also produced her biggest magazine moment of 2026 outside SI itself: NewBeauty revealed her as its summer 2026 digital cover star on July 28, 2026, with an interview built around the shoot, her skin care habits, and her view of aging. “I do not think about age,” she told the magazine. “The audience’s reaction to the SI experience is the first time I ever even gave it a second thought.”

Life at 56: dpHUE, Supermodel Café and the Creator Era

Frankel turned 56 in the middle of the busiest professional stretch of her 50s. On June 29, 2026, dpHUE — the premium at-home hair color and care brand founded by Donna Pohlad — announced that Frankel had acquired a meaningful ownership stake and joined the company as Chief Brand Officer, a newly created role covering product innovation, brand marketing, consumer education and retail expansion. She calls the job “Chief B Officer,” and she has been clear it is not an endorsement deal: she is an investor and a member of the leadership team, working alongside Pohlad and the executive team as the brand pushes into Ulta Beauty, Amazon, TikTok Shop and international markets. The company said its business with Ulta and Amazon had more than doubled over the prior three years, and it projected net sales growth of 32 to 40 percent year over year around the announcement, according to WWD.

Six weeks later, on August 13, 2026, she opened her first cafe — Supermodel Café, a pop-up in East Quogue, New York, built around the foods and recipes her followers know from her social media, with a menu developed in partnership with Goldberg’s Famous Bagels: coffee drinks, bagels, chicken salad, dips and spreads. The name is a joke about her swimsuit year, and the cafe sold it well: Entertainment Now reported that the pop-up brought her online recipes into a physical space for the first time.

Around the end of 2025, she had also launched The Core, a private dating platform — a smaller venture, but one that fits the pattern of her 50s: she builds things she wants to use, takes a stake, and puts her name on the door. The through-line from 37 to 56 is the same one she wrote into her first RHONY contract: she owns what she makes.

Her day-to-day work in 2026 looks nothing like the Bravo schedule of her 40s. She posts daily to TikTok and Instagram, where her audience runs into the millions, and her best-known format is the blunt product review: drugstore foundation held up against a makeup artist’s favorite, grocery-store chicken salad ranked in a series her followers call the Chicken Salad Olympics, beauty myths called out one by one. The tone is the same one that made her the breakout star of RHONY at 37 — direct, funny, allergic to flattery — and it is the reason her audience has followed her from cable television to a phone screen without her having to chase a younger demographic.

Personal Life: Daughter, Marriages and Dating in 2026

Frankel’s personal life has been public since her late 30s, and the age lens makes the timeline easy to follow. She married Peter Sussman in 1996, at 25; the marriage ended within a year. She married Jason Hoppy in March 2010, at 39, weeks before their daughter Bryn Hoppy was born on May 8, 2010. The marriage and its long, bitter divorce played out across her 40s — the divorce was not finalized until 2021, when Frankel was 50 — and she has spoken about the toll the decade-long legal fight took on her and on Bryn.

Bryn, now 16, is the center of Frankel’s private life. Frankel has kept her daughter largely out of the spotlight as she has grown up, while still posting about their life together in New York and Miami — including the school years, the move conversations, and Bryn’s own growing independence. Frankel has said that the “act your age” criticism of her swimsuit photos stung most when it was framed as a question about what her daughter would think, and her answer to that critic was the same line she gave the rest of them.

On the dating front, Frankel confirmed a new relationship in May 2026, at 55, with Miami investment banker and former Princeton hockey player Shane Campbell, after the pair had been linked the previous month. She splits her time between New York and Florida, and the Miami base has become more prominent in her 50s — the city is where she spends much of her time when she is not in the Hamptons or the city.

Real Estate and Assets

Property has been one of Frankel’s steadiest money stories, and the deals map neatly onto her age. She has bought and sold homes in New York City, the Hamptons, Southampton, Connecticut and Miami over the past fifteen years, and the most recent deal is the most telling: she bought a Greenwich, Connecticut mansion for $4.25 million in 2021, at 50, and sold it for $7.8 million in June 2025, at 54 — a gain of roughly $3.5 million on a single property in four years.

Earlier deals followed the same pattern of buying well and selling better: a Tribeca apartment, a Hamptons home, and a Bridgehampton property she once sold for $8 million after her divorce. She has also spoken about the cost of the Hamptons life — the taxes, the upkeep, the staff — and the Greenwich flip is the clearest example of her treating property as an investment rather than a trophy. At 56, her asset base is a mix of the Skinnygirl licensing stream, the dpHUE stake, the Cameo payout, and property — the portfolio of someone who made her money at 40 and spent the next sixteen years protecting it.

How Bethenny Frankel Talks About Aging, Beauty and Fitness

Frankel does not sell a single anti-aging secret, and that is the point of her 2026 interviews. In her NewBeauty cover story from July 2026, she talked about consistency over perfection: skin care she actually uses, drugstore products she rates as highly as luxury ones, and the view that the work is in showing up every day rather than in any one treatment. She has been open about the beauty treatments she has tried and the ones she has skipped, and her social media is full of unfiltered close-ups — including raw footage from early 2026 of a bacterial infection she picked up in St. Barts, posted without smoothing or apology.

On fitness, her public routine is practical rather than punishing: walking, Pilates-style movement, and the kind of everyday activity that fits around a schedule of filming, travel, and a teenager’s calendar. She has never positioned herself as a fitness guru, and the swimsuit shoot — she has said — was not the result of a crash program. It was the result of a body she has lived in for 55 years and a decision to stop apologizing for it.

The honesty is the brand. At 56, Frankel’s audience is not buying a diet plan from her. They are buying the judgment of a woman who has spent twenty years telling them which products are worth their money and which are not — and who, at an age when most former reality stars have faded from view, is on a magazine cover talking about the same thing she talked about at 37: what works, what does not, and what it costs.

Bethenny Frankel’s Age Compared to Her RHONY Co-Stars

One reason Frankel’s age gets searched so often is that the original RHONY cast spans more than a decade, and fans lose track of who is older than whom. Here is where she sits among the original cast, with ages as of November 2026 computed from their public birth dates:

Cast Member Born Age (Nov 2026)
Ramona Singer November 18, 1956 69 (turns 70 on Nov 18, 2026)
Luann de Lesseps May 17, 1965 61
Dorinda Medley December 13, 1964 61 (turns 62 in December)
Sonja Morgan November 25, 1963 62 (turns 63 on Nov 25, 2026)
Jill Zarin June 30, 1963 63
Bethenny Frankel November 4, 1970 56
Tinsley Mortimer August 11, 1975 51

Frankel was the youngest of the original five when the show premiered in 2008, and she remains one of the youngest of the franchise’s long-running names. The gap matters because it explains the dynamic viewers remember: she was the 37-year-old hustling a catering business while her castmates were settled into marriages and townhouses. Fifteen years later, the gap has narrowed in one way and widened in another — they are all older, but she is the one whose career changed most after the show ended.

Frequently Asked Questions

How old is Bethenny Frankel?

Bethenny Frankel is 56 years old as of November 2026. She was born on November 4, 1970, and turned 56 on November 4, 2026. Pages that list her as 54 or 55 were written before her most recent birthday and have not been updated.

When is Bethenny Frankel’s birthday?

Bethenny Frankel’s birthday is November 4, 1970. She was born in Queens, New York City, and her zodiac sign is Scorpio. She celebrated her 56th birthday on November 4, 2026, days after wrapping the first season of her Supermodel Café pop-up.

How old was Bethenny Frankel when she was on RHONY?

Frankel was 37 when The Real Housewives of New York City premiered in March 2008, making her the youngest of the original cast. She left in 2010 at 39, returned in 2015 at 44, and left for the final time in August 2019 at 48, after eight seasons across two stints.

How old was Bethenny Frankel in Sports Illustrated Swimsuit?

She was 54 when she walked the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit runway at Miami Swim Week in 2025, and 55 when she was announced as a 2026 SI Swimsuit rookie in March 2026. The rookie shoot took place in Loreto, Mexico, photographed by James Macari, and the issue was released in May 2026. She walked the runway a second time in July 2026, still aged 55.

What is Bethenny Frankel’s net worth at 56?

Her net worth is estimated at $80 million in 2026, according to Celebrity Net Worth and multiple 2026 profiles. The fortune rests on the 2011 sale of her Skinnygirl cocktail line to Beam Global, the licensing income from the Skinnygirl name she kept, her Bravo pay, her books, real estate deals, and later investments including a Cameo stake and her 2026 role at dpHUE.

How old is Bethenny Frankel’s daughter Bryn?

Bryn Hoppy, Bethenny Frankel’s daughter with her ex-husband Jason Hoppy, was born on May 8, 2010, which makes her 16 years old as of November 2026. Frankel was 39 when Bryn was born, and the two were featured together on her spinoff shows Bethenny Getting Married and Bethenny Ever After.

How tall is Bethenny Frankel?

Bethenny Frankel is commonly listed at 5 feet 6 inches (168 cm) tall. That height is the figure carried by most celebrity bio pages; Frankel herself has not made her height a talking point the way she has her age, and no official measurement is published.

What is Bethenny Frankel doing in 2026 at age 56?

In 2026 Frankel became a Sports Illustrated Swimsuit rookie at 55, joined hair-care brand dpHUE as Chief Brand Officer and an investor in June, opened the Supermodel Café pop-up in East Quogue, New York, in August, appeared as NewBeauty’s summer digital cover star in July, and continued her daily TikTok and Instagram product reviews. She turned 56 on November 4, 2026.

Final Thoughts

Bethenny Frankel is 56 — born November 4, 1970, in Queens, New York City — and the number is the least interesting thing about her. She was 37 when reality television found her, 40 when she sold Skinnygirl, 48 when she walked away from the show that made her famous, and 55 when she posed for Sports Illustrated and opened a cafe and took a corporate job in the same summer. The through-line is not youth. It is ownership: of her contracts, her brand name, her image, and her age itself. She spent 2026 answering the “act your age” crowd with the same move she made at 37, when she crossed out the clause that would have given Bravo a cut of her future. She kept what was hers. At 56, that includes the number.

Sources and Reporting

How we estimated: Bethenny Frankel’s age is computed from her birth date, November 4, 1970, as listed by Wikipedia, TV Insider, Television Stats and National Today — all four agree on the date, and her age at each dated career milestone confirms it. Her net worth figure ($80 million) is an estimate from Celebrity Net Worth, cross-checked against Social Life Magazine and 2026 profiles; the Skinnygirl sale price is reported as a range ($39 million to $64 million per Beam’s SEC filings, versus the $100 million headline figure) because the sources disagree. Net worth figures for public personalities are estimates built from public reporting, not audited financial statements, and may differ from private reality.

Sources consulted for this article: Wikipedia, TV Insider, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit, NewBeauty, Entrepreneur, Forbes, Celebrity Net Worth, Social Life Magazine, Monsters and Critics, Nicki Swift, Dexerto, Entertainment Now, The Spun, BeautyMatter. All links go to the publications’ homepages or the cited article pages as listed in our research notes; no figure in this article was invented, and where sources conflict we have published the range and named the source behind each number.